How there is but one Popinjay on Ringing Island (Or, the Popinjay is born from Cardinogoths, Cardinogoths from Bishogoths, Bishogoths from Priestogoths, Priestogoths from Clerigoths → all birds of passage) is inspired by a passage in Rabelais’ Gargantua and Pantagruel, a series of novels written in the 16th century that uses satire, vulgarity, and wordplay to poke fun at church and state institutions. The work was included in the group exhibition The Garden of Unearthly Delights curated by Jerry Cullum at whitespace gallery in 2016.